Wind turbines play a pivotal role in global decarbonisation efforts, and the push toward a net-zero future has driven the development of increasingly larger onshore and offshore systems. However, upscaling to extreme rotor diameters—such as the 16 MW, 242 m rotor diameter—introduces major engineering and economic challenges. Material costs and manufacturing complexity increase exponentially with rotor size, motivating the exploration of alternative configurations and innovative design concepts.

Multi-rotor systems (MRS) are an emerging concept aiming to harness economies of scale through the use of multiple smaller rotors mounted on a shared framework. These systems offer potential benefits in modularity, maintenance, circular design, and localised manufacturing. Yet, key aerodynamic, structural, and economic challenges remain to be resolved before MRS technology can be widely adopted.

This PhD aims to advance the understanding and development of multi-rotor wind systems through integrated research spanning aerodynamics, structural dynamics, manufacturing, and supply chain innovation working in collaboration with WindCatching Systems and the National Manufacturing Institute Scotland.

Research themes

Depending on the candidate’s background and interests, the project could address one or more of the following areas:

Aerodynamics & rotor interactions

Investigate unsteady flows and interactions between rotors and frameworks to optimise turbine performance. This may include the use of RANS, LES, or hybrid CFD approaches combined with aeroelastic simulation tools (such as HAWC2, FAST.Farm).

Structure & load management

Develop techniques to reduce asymmetrical loading and improve structural resilience through novel configurations and materials.

Rotor manufacturing & design for assembly

Explore modular manufacturing routes, lightweight materials, and design-for-manufacture approaches enabling scalable production of multi-rotor components.

Supply chain & circular economy integration

Assess feasibility for regional supply chains within the UK or Europe, analysing materials selection, logistics, and end-of-life reuse potential.

The research will contribute to:

• improved design methodologies for multi-rotor wind systems
• enhanced understanding of aerodynamic coupling and load transfer mechanisms
• feasibility pathways for localised, circular manufacturing in wind energy
• strategic insights for integrating novel turbine designs into the renewable energy supply chain