This class introduces you to the core principles, skills and sources in History. You will learn about key debates and controversies through historical case studies, including immigration, nationalism, terrorism, institutional care, vaccination, childhood and diplomacy. Through examining these case studies you develop critical analysis and communication skills. The class entails one lecture and one tutorial each week, which will involve the examination of select sources, as well as a discussion of that week's topic.

You will learn about important transformations in the British economy, society, culture and politics over more than three centuries. You will explore how Britain and British people have impacted cultures and societies across the globe, and how these interactions shaped British society. As in semester 1, this class entails one lecture and one tutorial each week, which will involve the examination of select sources, as well as a discussion of that week's topic

The aim of this module is to introduce students to the institutions, actors, processes and concepts that make up the UK constitution including its particular application to Scotland. It is designed to introduce students to methods of critical engagement with constitutional law in both theory and practice.

The aim of this module is to provide students with an introduction to the concepts, structures and processes that make up a legal system. It is designed to equip all students studying law with the knowledge and understanding that they will utilise in all other law modules: the “tools of the trade”.

This class provides an introduction to Glasgow’s history, culture and identity from its origins to the present day. An interdisciplinary and international perspective will adopted throughout the course and Glasgow will serve as a lens through which students will be exposed to the various factors (politics, religion, geography, immigration, health, culture, science and technology) that impact upon a place and how it is perceived by the world.

This class provides a broad introduction to the historical relationship between diseases and human societies in the early modern and modern periods. It examines the core thesis that diseases and other health conditions have had dramatic impacts on history, shaping economic relations, political and social structures and cultural and religious beliefs. However, it also explores the reverse of this, the thesis that human activities, ideas and behaviours have radically altered the diseases and conditions that afflict our societies over the last five hundred years. The course is grouped around three themes, infectious disease, chronic disease, and society's responses to disease.

This class examines the relationship between war and society over the past 100 years, particularly the everyday experience, memory and representation of modern conflict. Focusing predominantly on the two World Wars, but also looking at more recent conflicts such as the Cold War, Vietnam and the Gulf Wars, the class is informed by national and transnational perspectives and adopts a range of historical approaches, including military history, social and cultural history, gender history, life history and the history of trauma. Drawing on a variety of sources, including official reports, propaganda, films, images and personal testimonies, we will examine how war has been studied in political, social, legal, economic, ethical and cultural terms.

This class examines the International History of Europe from 1914 to 2022, a period marked by:

• world wars
• revolutions
• Cold War rivalry
• decolonisation
• the beginnings of European integration
• Brexit
• Russian invasion of Ukraine

From the legacies of empire to the global consequences of European wars, students will examine how Europe has influenced, and been influenced by, the international order. 

Following on from Public Law 1, Public Law 2 aims to consolidate knowledge and understanding of constitutional and administrative law. Students taking this class will be required to have taken Public Law 1 in the first year. It'll build upon knowledge of the key concepts and institutions of the UK constitution.

As a second year class, its rationale is to give you the opportunity to progress from an understanding of the constitution to an understanding of the role of the law in the constitutional control of public power. This course encourages you to adopt an evaluative and critical stance towards ongoing constitutional developments. The course will focus on control of administrative action, both by the judiciary and by ombudsmen. The protection of individual rights will be a key feature, focusing on judicial protection but also encompassing the role of human rights institutions in the UK and Scotland. The future control of public power will be discussed, including topical debates concerning constitutional reform in this area.

Family law concerns the control which the law exerts over domestic relationships and families; it affects everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

Topics include:

• the legal status of children, parental responsibilities and rights and the upbringing of children - including issues in adoption and fostering, local authority care and the Children's Hearing system
• legal consequences of marriage/civil partnership
• divorce - including what happens to the family and its financial consequences
• unmarried domestic relations, opposite-sex and same-sex

Commercial law is a second year compulsory subject on the LLB (and LML) degree. The class provides you with an understanding of commercial law in a Scottish context. It partially meets the commercial law subject requirements and related skills outcomes of the Law Society of Scotland and the Faculty of Advocates (albeit that some of the commercial professional topics, for example sale of goods and insurance law, are dealt with by other courses).

Building on the knowledge you acquire in first year, the general academic objective of the course is to examine the basic principles and rules concerning core aspects of commercial law, including the main principles of agency, partnership and company law, the law relating to various methods of payment (including consumer credit and bills of exchange) the rules governing the ways in which creditors can ‘secure’ repayment of a debt (for example, through taking personal guarantees from third parties for repayment of the debt, or by establishing rights in security over debtor property); the basic principles of diligence; the consequences of both corporate and individual debtor inability to repay debts (corporate insolvency and personal bankruptcy respectively).

While the focus of the class is on ‘a black letter’ analysis of relevant statutory and common law in the broad commercial area, in order to aid understanding of relevant principles, the class also examines the policy rationales underlying the current law and recent and projected reforms in this area.

Clinical LLB students may opt to replace the regular essay in this module with an essay topic based on a clinic-related case relevant to this module.

The design of this class is primarily aimed at enhancing your ability to read cases, deal with case law and apply the techniques of case-analysis and common law development.

You'll acquire an in-depth and up-to-date knowledge and understanding, from both a legal and a social perspective, of the rules of law governing involuntary obligations, that is to say the law of delict and the law of unjustified enrichment.

You'll acquire the ability to apply the rules of law to particular fact situations in order to provide definitive answers to the problems exposed in these situations.

You'll develop critical and reasoning skills, giving you the ability to make and present personal and informed judgments on the rules of law and their application within the domestic legal system.

The general rationale of this class is to provide you with a contemporary understanding of the law of property, trusts and succession in Scotland, and to meet Law Society of Scotland requirements in this subject-area.

The EU law class focuses on the constitutional and institutional order of the EU as well as one the internal market. To this end, the class looks at the European integration process, the EU institutions, EU competences, the decision-making process within the EU, the principles underpinning the EU legal order and the principles governing the internal market.

This module examines the maritime dimensions of the Atlantic world in the early modern period, moving away from the dominant landed view of empire to delve into the seascapes that underpinned and shaped the development of Atlantic empires and the modern world more generally. Focusing on maritime activities and possessions throughout the Atlantic Ocean, including Europe, West Africa, and the Americas, you will investigate how the ocean was more than a passive highway for the movement of diverse goods, peoples, and ideas but was also as an active force in that history, which shaped where, when, and how such movement occurred. 

This module examines the political, ideological, military, intelligence and cultural rivalries that defined the Cold War, with particular emphasis on their enduring significance for understanding the contemporary international order. This module moves beyond traditional bipolar interpretations centred on the United States and the Soviet Union, and instead critically assess the agency of European powers within the Cold War system.

This is a social history class on everyday life and the Troubles in the north of Ireland. Much of the historiography of the war in Northern Ireland (NI) has focused on the dynamics of the conflict and on the political manoeuvring that orbited those dynamics. This module takes a different tack to consider everyday life during the Troubles, and in particular the way in which people from the north of Ireland intervened in everyday life in both mundane and spectacular ways.

Drawing on various case studies (housing protests and the emergence of social housing; the feminist movement; the punk scene; gay and lesbian activism; prisons and imprisonment), you will engage with oral histories, documentaries, novels and other primary sources to consider how these movements emerged from and related to the war. In doing so, you will become aware of the global dimensions of a conflict sometimes misunderstood as atavistic or anachronistic, the connections between Irish and British social history, and the issues around 'dealing with the past' in contemporary NI.

The study of war has, until recently, tended to focus upon leaders, combatants and military strategies. This module, however, will analyse the experience of civilians on the Home Front, using World War Two Britain as a case study. An exploration of the cultural representations of non-combatant roles in war will be central to this module and we will engage with the historical debate about the relationship between war and social change. It will take a thematic approach and aims to make you familiar with both events and themes in the history of the Home Front.

This class examines the institution of slavery in different historical periods and in different regions of the world. Beginning with definitions of slavery, the class will examine slave-holding in ancient Greece and Rome, Asian and African forms of slavery, the Atlantic slave trade and the development of slave-based economies and societies in the New World. Among the themes to be considered will be the status of slaves and slaveholders in different societies; the economic significance of slavery and slave trading; the demography of slavery; issues of race, religion, gender and slavery; the survival of slave cultures; slave rebellion; the role of female slaves; the meaning of freedom in slave-holding societies; pro- and anti-slavery opinion and abolition.  There will be opportunities for comparison with other systems of bondage, such as serfdom and indentured servitude.

This class offers third year students the opportunity to spend eight weeks on a placement of their choice where their wider historical knowledge and set of skills can be applied; placements can range from museums, libraries, archives, historical associations to schools, charities, community organisations, healthcare providers, local authorities. This module aims to provide you with an insight into the day-to-day workings of an organisation, in order to develop history-specific vocational skills and promote reflection on employability as well as the issues involved in disseminating history outside academia. 

This class is compulsory for students who want to study history at Honours level.

It introduces you to the methods used by historians to reconstruct the past, exploring and analysing the techniques used by historians in doing primary research. The class is designed to demonstrate how you can use these techniques in your own work, particularly your 4th year/Honours dissertation. The class will introduce you to the subject of historiography – the history of history – and the ways in which our understanding and construction of history has evolved. The class is designed to promote independent learning and encourage you to reflect more deeply on the subject matter.

This class explores how mental illness has been explained, treated and experienced, from ancient times to the present, particularly in western cultures. Mental illness has been and continues to be one of the most controversial areas of health and medicine and one of the goals of this module is to examine why this has been the case. You will investigate not only how thinking about mental illness has changed over time, but also the many cultural, economic. technological and political factors that have influenced notions about mental health and psychiatry. You will engage with, and think critically about, primary sources ranging from popular literature and film to newspaper articles and medical studies.

Who are the Irish diaspora? This class explores the history of the Irish diaspora and the relationships between migrants and the homeland. It examines the history of Irish people in a variety of locations, including Scotland, England, the United States, Argentina and Australasia, and also investigates how emigrants shaped the history of Ireland itself. We focus on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and examine themes of political activism, labour, religion, gender, ethnicity, race and discrimination. We will also examine the relationship of the Irish diaspora to major events of modern Irish history: the Great Famine and the Irish Revolution. 

The Russia Revolution of 1917 was a seminal event in the history of the Twentieth Century and it changed the world. This module introduces you to major debates in the history of the Russian Revolution, especially through the eyes of those who either participated in revolutionary events or were affected by it. In particular, the course aims to combine discussion of key interpretive texts with an analysis of eye-witness accounts, memoirs, as well as rich cultural production-poems, art, and literature - which was inspired by the Russian Revolution and its aftermath. Arranged chronologically, ‘The Russian Revolution’ covers the Bolshevik victory in 1917, the Russian Civil War, and investigates the first ten years of Bolshevik rule.

This class examines the social history of drugs and medicines in modern societies, looking at why access to powerful medicines has been restricted, the reasons that useful medical innovations have often been rejected, and the social and cultural change driven by the introduction of new products and substances. The module is taught through weekly lectures and seminars.

The class provides a broad survey of Scottish social history since 1914. The aim of this class is to explore the nature and development of Scottish society in the twentieth century by assessing the impact of industrialisation and the problems associated with de-industrialisation, as well as the development of an urban society. By the end, you should have expanded your knowledge of contemporary Scottish history and have a good idea of the diversity of issues, techniques and arguments which historians have deployed in the study of twentieth-century Scotland.

The main aim of this class is to introduce you to the major theoretical ideas and values of law, and to debates about those ideas and values, thereby enhancing their understanding of law in general.

The class explores relationships between law and morality, law and society and between law and power. In doing so, the course also explores what we mean by law, morality and power. The course requires you to work on your own and make an oral presentation and trains you in concise thinking.

The aim of the class is to introduce you to the law of landlord and tenant, and to concepts of housing need and market allocation of housing resources and the different ways in which such concepts are interpreted and operated in modern Britain.  The method of teaching and assessing the class is designed to enhance learning, academic and transferable skills.

This class aims to provide you with an understanding of the problems inherent in situations involving a foreign element and the basic concepts and principles of Scots international private law. More particularly, attention will be given to the rules which establish when the Scottish court has jurisdiction in any case involving a foreign element. The class will also determine the applicable law in cases involving international elements heard before a Scottish court and the rules on recognition and enforcement of judgments in certain contexts.

The International private law rules in relation to:

• contract
• delict
• marriage
• divorce & nullity
• parent & child
• property
• insolvency & succession

Tutorials for this class take place on Saturday mornings.

This class is not recommended for Erasmus exchange students.

Most industrialised countries, and the European Union now have elaborate laws, rules and procedures for ensuring the maintenance of a competitive economy. This course looks at how the competition laws of the United Kingdom and the European Union affect how business operates in Britain.

If you're contemplating a career in business, or are simply a consumer, some knowledge of competition is useful. If you're a student of industrial economics, or of marketing, some knowledge of competition law is a wise precaution. Moreover there are considerably more job opportunities in this area, whether as an economic adviser, legal practitioner or in-house lawyer advising on effective compliance.

Although we are all equal in the law, some are treated more equally than others. This module examines the nature of discrimination and some of the reasons for it, and the history of the law which tries to prohibit it and promote equality. The class looks in depth at the Equality Act 2010 and relevant case law. It covers the protected characteristics, direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation and disability discrimination, including the duty to make reasonable adjustments. As well as individual anti-discrimination law in employment and goods and services, the class examines preventive and pro-active measures, including positive action and the public equality duty and the arguments around their nature.

Assessment consists of a group presentation on an approved topic of your choice and a piece of coursework requiring problem solving skills and analysis of law and policy.

Ethics & Justice will introduce you to the world of work by bridging the gap between theory and practice, and by providing you with the intellectual and practical tools to deal with the personal and practical dimensions of law in a competent, ethical and socially responsible manner.

The module will help to develop your legal, intellectual and practical skills, and provide you with an opportunity to reflect on the effectiveness and ethics of what you do and how this fits in with problems of access to justice. It will also enhance your understanding of the social and economic context in which legal rules operate.

This module is only open to Law Clinic students with case experience.

The extensive uptake of new digital information technologies and particularly, the internet, has resulted in expanding our legal universe, with new laws being created, the application of older laws being challenged and reconfigured and, unavoidably, new legal challenges arising due to conflicts of regulatory decisions with technological advances.

The aim of the class is to address the basic issues arising from the advent of the internet and related digital technologies and familiarise you with important legal developments that have taken place in the last 20 years.

This class encourages you to think constructively and critically about contemporary issues in the field of criminology. It also focuses on contemporary responses to crime in the fields of punishment, imprisonment and penal policy, with reference to developments in Scotland and beyond.

This class deals with the questions, what are those 'basic' or 'fundamental' rights and freedoms to which every individual is entitled in a democratic society, and how to protect them against possible violations.

The class focuses on a selection of the most prominent human rights which have resulted in considerable amounts of litigation.  You'll consider the right to life, right not to be tortured, freedom of expression, children’s rights and issues regarding terrorism.

This class aims to provide you with an understanding of employment law in a UK and EU-wide context and to introduce you to the sources, principles and main features of employment law.

You'll learn about key employment protection provisions and the major collective provisions of employment law in the UK, including the legal position of the contract of employment, the status of employee, the law and practice of unfair dismissal, discrimination law and working time regulations.

The class will focus on practical employment law involving practitioners, an Employment Judge and an Employment Tribunal visit.

This course is concerned with the legal relationship of banker and customer and the services offered by bankers in the community. It examines the financial instruments employed in financing trading and other transactions and is especially concerned with the law and practice of lending, both secured and unsecured.

Intellectual property is integral to all our daily lives, whether it is the music we listen to, the news we read, or chair we sit on, as well as providing the resources necessary to produce new medicines, and the superabundance of brand marketing to which we are routinely subjected.

The class will study the law of patents, trademarks (registered and unregistered), copyright, and moral rights, and the law of confidence (which includes trade secrets). Both the substantive law, and the underlying policy behind providing exclusive rights for this type of property will be examined.

Interested in what is going on in Syria? Concerned about what may or may not be going on in North Korea? Pondering why troops are still in Afghanistan? Then public international law might be the class for you.

The class explores the relationships between states as among themselves and with international institutions. As well as giving an overall view of the area, we'll also look at specific incidents which have arisen and which have been dominated by international law, and which in turn have made huge contributions to the area.

The syllabus looks at sources including treaties and customary law, statehood, the collective use of force, state responsibility and terrorism, the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice.

This class is evening teaching only.

In Scotland, local government employs around 250,000 people. Every council has its own legal department and nearly 10% of practising solicitors in Scotland are employed by local authorities. It is essential that lawyers in private practice have knowledge of how local government works.

The course will cover a selection of the following topics:

• what local government is and what does it do
• the constitutional position of local government
• the structure of Scottish local government and its statutory framework
• elections to and membership of a local authority
• rights, duties, liabilities and restrictions of councillors
• the councillors’ Code of Conduct and registration of interests
• the powers of local government; the ultra vires rule; community planning; the power of wellbeing; publicity powers
• byelaws, management rules and private Acts of Parliament
• how councils work; the political dimension
• external controls on local government; the courts; the ombudsman, the Standards Commission, the Accounts Commission
• a brief guide to local government finance

The class offers an introduction to the Environmental Humanities through an investigation of human-environment relations from the fifteenth century to the modern day, charting a crucial period of colonialism, commercialism, and globalisation that has shaped how environments are conceptualised, represented, and engaged with across time, space, and cultures. You will examine human attempts to manage, control, know, and live with diverse environments, such as soil, forests, oceans, and lakes.

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 sets out a universalising idea of childhood which is assumed to apply across the world.  However, childhood is not a self-evident biological category, but a social construct that has varied across time and space.  By focusing on nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this class seeks to understand how childhood has been imagined throughout history; how children’s lives have been impacted by that changing definition; and how a particular construction of childhood, which emerged in the context of modern Europe, has come to be viewed as universal. 

This class looks at the period of Covenanting rule in Scotland within the wider context of early modern British and European History. Its focus is on the period 1637 to 1651, from the emergence of the Covenanting movement to the Cromwellian conquest of Scotland. These were some of the most turbulent years in British History. In addition to considering political, economic, military, diplomatic, religious and constitutional issues, the course also examines social issues in the context of the drive for a godly society and a significant amount of witch-hunting.

Sexual practices and attitudes to sex have changed dramatically since the nineteenth century. This module will examine how and why these have been transformed through an exploration of the social, cultural and medical history of sex and reproductive health in modern Britain and Ireland from the late Victorian period to beyond the ‘sexual revolution’ of the 1960s and 1970s. How was sexuality understood by ‘ordinary’ people, the state and the medical profession? How did men and women limit their families? How did sexual and contraceptive practices change over time? In addition to answering these questions, you will examine how sexuality was understood and defined by the medical profession and how responses to reproductive health issues were shaped and influenced by social, political and cultural factors.

As well as introducing you to the main secondary readings on these topics, you will get to grips with a range of primary sources including individuals’ and patients’ narratives, literary texts, visual sources and films. We will assess the power of governments over men and women’s sexual and reproductive rights, for example, through an examination of debates over the legalization of contraception and abortion in two different cultural contexts.

We will also investigate the interactions between sexuality and public health, for instance, by exploring the history of venereal disease and the AIDS crisis of the 1980s.

You will additionally explore topics such as dating and popular culture, adolescence, sex education, and the sexual revolution, assessing the interactions between sexuality, medicine and society over a period of rapid social change.  

This special subject honours module introduces you to youth cultures of protest, resistance and activism in post-war Britain. The class will discuss movements across Britain, with a focus on Glasgow’s radical history – you will be encouraged to think about major political events ‘from below’ by examining how ‘ordinary’ young people in Britain challenged, influenced or reacted to government policies, state infrastructures and global political events.

You will consider questions like:

• What were the relationships between social movements, youth culture and the state, between organized political parties and spontaneous protests, between activism and humanitarianism?
• What gains were made as a result of political struggles and social movements in this period and what demands were defeated?
• How did social movements and youth subcultures influence popular culture or reimagine everyday spaces, places, institutions and practices?
• What can these histories tell us about how we understand gender, race, class, sexuality, youth, subcultures, work, migration, family life, infrastructure and the environment in Britain today?

More frequently than ever before, secret intelligence has become front-page news. Intelligence and security studies rank among the fastest-growing areas of academic research and public interest. However, the significance of recent intelligence can only be fully understood from a long-term perspective. In the past, learning the historical lessons of intelligence was challenging, more so than for any other profession, primarily because there was scant record of much of its past experiences. Nonetheless, the declassification of archival documents offers us an invaluable and largely unexplored field. This class aims to uncover some of the lost history of global intelligence, to illustrate how it reshapes current historiography, and to highlight its ongoing relevance to intelligence in the twenty-first century. Today, more than ever, national governments, global agencies, and significant multinational corporations have an escalating demand for experts with a profound understanding of intelligence issues, and who can exhibit exceptional analytical and judgment skills.

This special subject module examines the history of modern terrorism and political violence. Each seminar explores the challenges and problems associated with conceptualising terrorism through focusing on primary sources concerning key moments in the development of political violence in a variety of historical contexts.

In Part I of this class we investigate both state and insurrectionary terrorism mainly in the long-nineteenth century, beginning with the French Revolution, then moving to the revolutionary movements of the nineteenth century, colonial violence, white-supremacist terrorism in the United States, to the Suffragettes on the eve of the First World War. The key readings include primary materials such as the Russian terrorist Nechaev’s ‘revolutionary catechism’, anarchists’ court speeches, and Irish nationalists’ private letters about bombing London.

Throughout the course, we will discuss different historical and social science approaches to terrorism, its political uses, and reflect on how it has been represented in media. In doing so, we investigate a topic which holds vital significance in today’s society, though historical perspectives are too often absent from contemporary debates.

This special subject module provides an analysis of the key events and debates in the history of pharmacy.  It studies the creation of pharmacy as a profession from the Greco-Roman traditions, through the medieval apothecary guilds to the establishment of pharmacy education at university level in the twentieth century.  It assesses the struggles between doctors and pharmacists for the rights to dispense prescriptions and to control the medicinal markets and the historical roots of the division within pharmacy between the individual dispensing pharmacists and the establishment of the drug- store chains such as Boots in Britain and Walgreens in the USA.  

The class analyses the ways in which governments have regulated pharmacy defining between professionals and ‘quacks’.  It also studies the historical interaction between society and pharmacy, the challenges posed by the advent of the consumer society, the relationship between the pharmacist and the market and the impact on the drug trade of welfare medicine.

This special subject module introduces you to the social history of women in Ireland over 150 years from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries, a period of rapid social and cultural change in the country. The class will appeal if you are interested in understanding how women’s experiences in Ireland have changed over the period and how these experiences have been shaped by gender, religion and class. You will have the opportunity to utilise a range of primary sources, such as women’s magazines, memoirs and personal accounts, feminist publications, novels and literature, as well as drawing on contemporary film sources. We will explore the experiences of women both inside and outside the home, looking at themes such as education and work, institutionalisation, emigration, women's activism, sex work, philanthropy and criminality, as well as private matters such as contraception, marriage, sexuality, and pregnancy. In Semester 1, we will broadly focus on the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and in Semester 2 we will broadly focus on the later twentieth century.

This special subject module involves the detailed study of the 1703 to 1707 period in terms of the making and ratification of the Treaty of Union between England and Scotland. The focus of the class is on the use of primary sources and close reading and interpretation of specialised historiography. You are fully encouraged to articulate and develop your own arguments and thoughts, with regard to some of the most controversial areas of Scotland’s past.

This special subject module examines the debates surrounding the history of European integration with particular focus on the impact of British and French foreign policies on the process and evolution of European unity. Through the analysis of primary and secondary sources, you will develop a critical understanding of the major underlying forces that shaped British and French policies during the period under discussion and assess these policies in the wider context of the international history after 1945. These classes will examine the discussions about European unity that emerged following the Second World War, key developments on the road to closer integration such as the European Coal and Steel Community. You will assess the significance of the Treaties of Rome and examine the themes and deliberations surrounding the European Community’s enlargement. This class will consider the shifting and contested nature of the rhetoric associated with the political integration of Europe and the impact of Britain’s entry.

This class aims to engage you in the examination of themes related to twentieth century political history, as well as the history of communication and of warfare. Through the systematic use of a variety of primary sources, this class is also designed to help you develop a strong appreciation of theories and methodologies of historical research, key skills of the history graduate. This module examines means by which states conduct informal activities to promote their domestic and foreign objectives. In particular, it analyses the role of propaganda throughout the twentieth century, focusing on the use of modern mass communication and technology as well as the relationship between media and state and non-state actors. The class is structured around a number of historical themes, which help shed light on the emergence of propaganda, its interpretation and perception. Key themes analysed throughout the course include the First World War and Second World War as examples of ‘total war’; the growth of international radio broadcasting; the creation of centralised propaganda machines in Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and Fascist Italy in a comparative dimension. During seminars, you will be exposed to relevant primary source material. Particular attention will be given to understanding the theory and practice of propaganda and analysing how technological developments have contributed to shape modern information and mass persuasion.